Qué recordar sobre las ondas electromagnéticas.

Los campos electromagnéticos pueden, más allá de ciertos umbrales, tener efectos sobre la salud humana.
Por lo tanto, es importante recordar algunos conceptos para evaluar los riesgos asociados con la exposición a campos electromagnéticos.

Aunque no son perceptibles, los campos electromagnéticos están presentes en todo el entorno.
Toda instalación eléctrica genera un campo electromagnético en su entorno, compuesto por un campo eléctrico y un campo magnético.</ p>

Un campo electromagnético aparece cuando hay cargas eléctricas en movimiento.
Este campo resulta de la combinación de 2 ondas (una eléctrica y otra magnética) que se propagan a la velocidad de la luz.

Un cable vivo produce un campo eléctrico en su vecindad y su intensidad se mide en voltios por metro (V/m).

Los campos magnéticos solo aparecen cuando una corriente eléctrica pasa a través de un conductor.
Su intensidad se mide en amperios por metro (A/m), pero también hablamos de inducción magnética que se mide en microteslas (µT).
Algunos materiales, como los destinados a la fabricación de imanes, emiten inducción magnética en su entorno sin la presencia de corriente.

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Ejemplo: Presencia del campo eléctrico y del campo magnético generado por una lámpara (Fuente INRS)
- Lámpara apagada conectada a la toma de corriente: presencia de un campo eléctrico solo < br />- Lámpara encendida: presencia de un campo eléctrico y un campo magnético

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campos magnéticos estáticos están relacionados con la presencia de imanes permanentes, electroimanes alimentados con corriente continua
o más generalmente\n Fuentes de corriente continua.","link":{"is_external":"","url":""},"size":"medium","header_size":"h3","header_style":"none","align":"center","align_tablet":"","align_mobile":"","view":"traditional","section_title_style":"","title_color":"#f76538","typography_typography":"custom","typography_font_size":{"unit":"px","size":18},"typography_font_size_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":""},"typography_font_size_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":""},"typography_font_family":"Arial","typography_font_family_custom":"","typography_font_weight":"","typography_text_transform":"","typography_font_style":"","typography_line_height":{"unit":"em","size":1.1},"typography_line_height_tablet":{"unit":"em","size":""},"typography_line_height_mobile":{"unit":"em","size":""},"typography_letter_spacing":{"unit":"px","size":""},"typography_letter_spacing_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":""},"typography_letter_spacing_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":""},"_section_style":"","_margin":{"unit":"px","top":"","right":"","bottom":"","left":"","isLinked":true},"_margin_tablet":{"unit":"px","top":"","right":"","bottom":"","left":"","isLinked":true},"_margin_mobile":{"unit":"px","top":"","right":"","bottom":"","left":"","isLinked":true},"_padding":{"unit":"px","top":"","right":"","bottom":"","left":"","isLinked":true},"_padding_tablet":{"unit":"px","top":"","right":"","bottom":"","left":"","isLinked":true},"_padding_mobile":{"unit":"px","top":"","right":"","bottom":"","left":"","isLinked":true},"_animation":"","animation_duration":"","_css_classes":"","_z_index":"","_section_background":"","_background_background":"","_background_color":"","_background_image":{"url":"","id":"","width":"","height":""},"_background_position":"","_background_attachment":"","_background_repeat":"","_background_size":"","_background_video_link":"","_background_video_fallback":{"url":"","id":"","width":"","height":""},"_border_border":"","_border_width":{"unit":"px","top":"","right":"","bottom":"","left":"","isLinked":true},"_border_color":"","_border_radius":{"unit":"px","top":"","right":"","bottom":"","left":"","isLinked":true},"_box_shadow_box_shadow_type":"","_box_shadow_box_shadow":{"horizontal":0,"vertical":0,"blur":10,"spread":0,"inset":"","color":"rgba(0,0,0,0.5)"},"_section_responsive":"","responsive_description":"","hide_desktop":"","hide_tablet":"","hide_mobile":""},"defaultEditSettings":[],"widgetType":"heading","editSettings":{}},{"id":"ddm247b","elType":"widget","isInner":false,"settings":{"section_editor":"","editor":"

Los campos eléctricos, magnéticos y electromagnéticos forman parte de las denominadas radiaciones no ionizantes.
No tienen la energía suficiente para expulsar un electrón de un átomo o molécula (a diferencia de la radiación ionizante).

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Los campos electromagnéticos pueden tener consecuencias para la salud.
Sus efectos a corto plazo pueden ser:
• directos: calentamiento de tejidos biológicos, estimulación del sistema nervioso, etc.
• indirectos: incendio o explosión por chispa o arco eléctrico , mal funcionamiento de dispositivos electrónicos, incluidos dispositivos médicos activos como marcapasos, proyección de objetos metálicos, etc.

Los efectos sensoriales (como mareos, náuseas, alteraciones visuales) pueden sentirse a frecuencias muy bajas. Estos efectos pueden tener consecuencias más o menos importantes dependiendo de cada persona.
Hasta la fecha, no existe un consenso científico sobre los efectos a medio o largo plazo debidos a una exposición baja pero regular a las ondas electromagnéticas.

A nivel profesional, la reducción de los riesgos relacionados con la exposición a campos electromagnéticos se basa,
como para cualquier otro riesgo, en los principios generales de prevención previstos por la el artículo L. 4121-2 del Código del Trabajo.

Además de estos principios generales, el Código del Trabajo prevé un sistema de limitación de los niveles de exposición.
El principio de la evaluación de riesgos es comparar la exposición de los empleados a los Valores Límite de Exposición (ELV)
y a los Valores de Acción (AL) definidos por este reglamento.</ p>< p style=\"text-align: center;\">Si es probable que se supere alguno de ellos, se deben determinar y aplicar medidas preventivas
(reducción a la fuente, protección colectiva, reducción de la exposición por distancia, personal proteccion).
La información, la formación y el seguimiento individual del estado de salud de los empleados completan estas medidas. Ver pestaña de regulación (fuente INRS)